Lesson 31 第31课
The sculptor speaks
雕塑家的语言
What do you have to be able to do to appreciate sculpture?欣赏雕塑需要具备哪些条件？
Appreciation of sculpture depends upon the ability to respond to form in three dimensions. 欣赏雕塑取决于对三维形态的感知能力。
That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts; certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions.
这也许就是为什么雕塑被描述为所有艺术中最难的一种；当然它比那些涉及欣赏平面形态的艺术更难，后者仅涉及二维形态的呈现。
Many more people are form-blind than colour-blind.
形盲的人比色盲的人要多得多。
The child learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths.孩子刚开始学习看东西时，只能辨别二维形状；孩子无法判断距离和深度。
Later, for its personal safety and practical needs, it has to develop (partly by means of touch) the ability to judge roughly three-dimensonal distances.后来，为了他的个人安全和实际需要，孩子必须发展（部分通过触摸）大致判断三维距离的能力。
But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further.但满足了实用需求之后，大多数人就不会再深入了。
Though they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat form, they do no make the further.” 尽管他们在感知平面形状方面可能达到相当高的准确性。
Though they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat form, they do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to comprehend form in its full spatial existence.尽管他们在感知平面形状方面可能达到相当高的准确性，但他们并没有做出进一步的理解和情感努力，以充分理解形状在空间中的存在。
This is what the sculptor must do.这就是雕塑家必须做的事情。
He must strive continually to think of, and use, form in its full spatial completeness.他必须不断努力去思考并使用形式，使其在空间上的完整得以实现。
He gets the solid shape, as it were, inside his head-he thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand.他脑海中仿佛有一个实体形状，不管它有多大，他都好像把它完全握在手心里一样去思考。
He mentally visualizes a complex form from all round itself; he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like, he identifies himself with its centre of gravity, its mass, its weight; he realizes its volume, as the space that the shape displaces in the air.他脑海中想象出一个复杂的形状，从四面八方观察它；他看着一面时，就知道另一面是什么样子；他与它的重心、质量、重量融为一体；他意识到它的体积，即形状在空气中占据的空间。
And the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as description or reminiscence.而且，敏锐的雕塑观察者还必须学会单纯地感受形状，而不是将其视为描述或回忆。
He must, for example, perceive an egg as a simple single solid shape, quite apart from its significance as food, or from the literary idea that it will become a bird.例如，他必须把鸡蛋看作是一个简单的单一的固体形状，完全不考虑它作为食物的意义，或者从文学角度看它会变成一只鸟。
And so with solids such as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole, a mushroom, a mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark, a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone.因此，对于固体来说也是如此，比如贝壳、坚果、李子、梨、蝌蚪、蘑菇、山峰、肾脏、胡萝卜、树干、鸟、芽、云雀、瓢虫、香蒲、骨头。
From these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms of combinations of several forms.
从这些（形状）中，他可以进一步欣赏由多种形态组合而成的更复杂的形态。
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